Barbara Vivash
S2765600
A Review on the 2012 Sydney Biennale
Ever since the inauguration of the Sydney Biennale in 1973, its primary motivation has been to provide an arena for individual artists rather than the longstanding tradition of national pavilions. This year the 18th Biennale of Sydney, entitled all our relations, is presented in five venues: the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, Pier 2/3, Cockatoo Island and for the first time, the Redfern based contemporary arts institution, Carriageworks.
The idea for the Biennale emerged from discussions between the two curators of the exhibition, Catherine de Zegher and Gerald McMaster. In the official Guide to the Biennale, they write in the forward, ‘A changing reality is apparent in a renewed attention to how things connect – how we relate to each other and the world in which we inhabit.’
Forty countries are represented by more than one hundred artists, of which, at least half, have created new works specifically for all our relations. Forty-five artists travelled to Australia to install their works and remained to participate in the opening celebrations and public programs.
The Biennale criteria for inclusion, was that the artist must be interested in conversation and collaboration. The invitation was to engage in the principle of dialogue. According to Catherine de Zegher “Artists…were asked to think through the event they engender and all our relations at large. The event thus generates its own condition for collaboration. A relational field is created in which a collectivity emerges, together with forthcoming future works.”
Each of the five venues developed its own concept. The Art Gallery of N.S.W. inspired by the collage of Blue Planet, 2003 by Jorge Macchi, devised the title of In Finite Blue Planet, for its section of the Biennale. Many artists are currently working with the idea of macrocosm – viewing the earth from afar, with the eye of a satellite. This illusion that the earth is infinite has been overcome by the realisation that it is certainly finite. The paradox is that the world economy encourages technology that is designed to fail to stimulate infinite growth. The artworks present different views for a globalized world, while considering living on a finite planet with its resultant endangered environment troubled by incessant war and migration changing patterns.
Iraqi artist Jananne Al-Ani’s Shadow Sites I, 2010, uses aerial perspectives to explore ‘the disappearance of the body in the contested and highly charged landscapes of the Middle East by examining what happens to the evidence of atrocity and genocide and how it affects our understanding of the often beautiful landscapes into which the bodies of victims disappear.
On the journey to the Museum of Contemporary Art, one reflects that one is moving from an exploration of the macrosphere, including works devoted to aerial perspective and migration, to an exploration of the microsphere of the every-day. The Museum of Contemporary Art’s concept is Possible Composition. The artworks have resulted from a composite of disparate or broken elements to form a heterogeneous whole. They reflect the need for composing together - a parallel for the need for collaborative and meaningful solutions in today’s world. Judith Wright’s A Journey, 2011, is an excellent example. The sculptural assemblage installation incorporates found objects to create stick-like figures with animalistic heads, all engaged in some mode of travel involving canoes, prams, pedal cars, wheelbarrows and wheelchairs. The artist has certainly combined disparate elements to create a parade of other-worldly beings, all intent on achieving their journey’s end.
Nicholas Hlobo’s Inkwili, 2011 and Amaqabaza, 2011 are created through stitching recycled multi-coloured ribbons onto a ground of tea stained watercolour paper. His ‘drawn’ watercolours have a fluid fairy-tale quality derived from certain, virtually extinct traditions in South African Xhosa culture.
Enroute to Cockatoo Island, the ferry makes a stop at Pier 2/3. The state-heritage listed undeveloped wharf, houses only three installations within its cavernous walls. Catherine De Zegher writes that ‘this Biennale venue functions as a kind of hinge between the mainland and the (Cockatoo) island, but also between the spheres as relayed in our project.’ The artworks presented in As above as below, aim to forge a link between earth and sky, between the public and private.
Tiffany Singh’s enormous installation, Knock on the Sky Listen to the Sound, 2010 transforms the space into an open-air musical instrument. Hundreds of bamboo chimes are suspended from the rafters, emulating places of religious significance where chimes are hung in large numbers near shrines or temples. The title Knock on the Sky Listen to the Sound, is a Buddhist proverb which the artist fist heard in the Himalayas. The artist believes that the intention of the chimes is to allow the winds of fortune or qi to flow freely through a space. In the void above the chimes, thousands of ribbons are hung in rainbow striations, moving rhythmically with the air currents creating an uplifting experience.
Tiffany Singh has seeded the notion of pilgrimage in this work. Visitors are presented with a set of the chimes and encouraged to take them home, decorate them as they wish and return them to a dedicated space on the Pier. The application of multiple sites, creates a non-static developmental work through viewer participation.
The concept for the project on Cockatoo Island is Stories Senses and Spheres. The project continues many of the ideas explored in the other Biennale venues by exposing the senses to water, wind and earth. The artworks are collaborative, interactive projects with shared storytelling and caring central to their creation. There are 49 artists represented on the island of which Jananne Al-Ani, Alwar Balasubramaniam, Juan Manual Echavarria, Nicholas Hlobo, Richardo Lanzarini, Tiffany Singh, Khaled Sabsabi, Yoshihiro Suda and Judith Wright all have artworks as well as at one of the other venues. I have the intention of comparing the works of some of these artists.
Biloela House, on the upper island, the former home of the prison superintendant, is the site for four installations. Judith Wright’s video The Stager, 2008, portrays not the mother’s coming and going but the child’s leaving, passing forever. The artist features Dame Margaret Scott in an encounter with a wooden doll, with whom she sits, both dressed in long red tutus, their hands identically arranged. The wooden doll is similar to the people ‘creations’ in A Journey, 2011 in the installation at the Museum of Contemporary Art. In both works, the sculptural assemblage represents the imaginary life of the artist’s dead child. In The Stager, 2008, the ‘dance of life’ concentrated in these moments are gestural representations of finally breaking away from the memory.
The blackboard motif is the theme of Juan Manuel Eschavarria’s La ‘O’, 2010. It is the sole recollection of ‘ghost’ classrooms in the destroyed schools of abandoned villages in Columbia. Instead of bloody corpses, Eschavarria’s photography captures the tragic abandon of the classrooms, alluding to past violence and eloquently, the absence of the children. This artist also has an installation in the Art Gallery of N.S.W. – Requiem NN2, 2006-11. When the artist visited a cemetery near the Magdalena River in Columbia in 2006, he noticed that the tombs were marked with the letters ‘NN’ standing for no name. They stood for the mutilated bodies found in the riverbed, a consequence of the massacres that ravaged the countryside. The villagers ‘adopted’ these anonymous dead so that their souls would be saved, but asked favours in return. The lenticular photographs of the installation show a transformation of the tombs through time. Echavarria states, “their pact with the dead resists the perpetrators of violence and reconstructs the social fabric”. His concern with the dead and its subsequent influence on the living, have achieved a translation of souls.
Catherine De Zegher sums up the Biennale –“ all our relations brings together artists and audiences who have the capacity to leave the common state of consciousness, to embark on a journey toward the unknown, and to make contact with other forms of sensitivity and awareness with which human existence is entangled.” The 18th Biennale of Sydney is a diverse ambitious project, too difficult to sum up in a few words. It was thought provoking, stimulating and exhausting – but not to be missed.
References
De Zegher, C and McMaster, G 18th Biennale of Sydney: all our relations (Biennale of Sydney Ltd, SC International, China).2012.
De Zegher, C and McMaster, Guide: 18th Biennale of Sydney, (Rural Press Pty Ltd, Sydney),2012.